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LaTeX速查手册
LaTeX常用显示数学符号的参考列表和KaTeX应用示例。
特权说明

入门

介绍

LaTeX 基于 TEX 的排版系统，适用于生成高印刷质量的科技和数学、物理文档。

而 KaTeX 只处理 LaTeX 的数学符号的一个更小的子集，用于 web 上展示

示例

f(x)=∫−∞∞fξ^ e2πiξx dξ% \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro
f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty
    f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x}
    \,d\xi

% \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro
f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty
    f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x}
    \,d\xi

行内展示

基于 KaTeX 在一行
展示示例： `KaTeX:\int_0^\infty x^2 dx`

基于 KaTeX 在一行展示示例： ∫0∞x2dx\int_0^\infty x^2 dx

Supported Functions

Accents

:- :- :-
a′a' a' a~\tilde{a} \tilde{a} g˚\mathring{g} \mathring{g}
a′′a'' a'' ac~\widetilde{ac} \widetilde{ac} AB⏠\overgroup{AB} \overgroup{AB}
a′a^{\prime} a^{\prime} AB~\utilde{AB} \utilde{AB} AB⏡\undergroup{AB} \undergroup{AB}
aˊ\acute{a} \acute{a} F⃗\vec{F} \vec{F} AB⇒\Overrightarrow{AB} \Overrightarrow{AB}
yˉ\bar{y} \bar{y} AB←\overleftarrow{AB} \overleftarrow{AB} AB→\overrightarrow{AB} \overrightarrow{AB}
a˘\breve{a} \breve{a} AB←\underleftarrow{AB} \underleftarrow{AB} AB→\underrightarrow{AB} \underrightarrow{AB}
aˇ\check{a} \check{a} ac↼\overleftharpoon{ac} \overleftharpoon{ac} ac⇀\overrightharpoon{ac} \overrightharpoon{ac}
a˙\dot{a} \dot{a} AB↔\overleftrightarrow{AB} \overleftrightarrow{AB} AB⏞\overbrace{AB} \overbrace{AB}
a¨\ddot{a} \ddot{a} AB↔\underleftrightarrow{AB} \underleftrightarrow{AB} AB⏟\underbrace{AB} \underbrace{AB}
aˋ\grave{a} \grave{a} AB‾\overline{AB} \overline{AB} ABundefined\overlinesegment{AB} \overlinesegment{AB}
θ^\hat{\theta} \hat{\theta} AB‾\underline{AB} \underline{AB} ABundefined\underlinesegment{AB} \underlinesegment{AB}
ac^\widehat{ac} \widehat{ac} acˇ\widecheck{ac} \widecheck{ac} X‾\underbar{X} \underbar{X}

\text｛…｝中的强调功能

:- :- :-
aˊ\'{a} \'{a} a˜\~{a} \~{a}
a˙\.{a} \.{a} a˝\H{a} \H{a}
aˋ\\\`{a} \`{a} aˉ\={a} \={a}
a¨\"{a} \"{a} aˇ\v{a} \v{a}
aˆ\^{a} \^{a} a˘\u{a} \u{a}
a˚\r{a} \r{a}

Delimiter Sizing

:- :-
(AB)\left(\LARGE{AB}\right) \left(\LARGE{AB}\right)
(((((( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(
:- :- :- :- :-
\left \big \bigl \bigm \bigr
\middle \Big \Bigl \Bigm \Bigr
\right \bigg \biggl \biggm \biggr
\ \Bigg \Biggl \Biggm \Biggr

希腊和希伯来字母 Greek and Hebrew letters

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
α\alpha \alpha κ\kappa \kappa ψ\psi \psi ϝ\digamma \digamma Δ\Delta \Delta Θ\Theta \Theta
β\beta \beta λ\lambda \lambda ρ\rho \rho ε\varepsilon \varepsilon Γ\Gamma \Gamma Υ\Upsilon \Upsilon
χ\chi \chi μ\mu \mu σ\sigma \sigma ϰ\varkappa \varkappa Λ\Lambda \Lambda Ξ\Xi \Xi
δ\delta \delta ν\nu \nu τ\tau \tau φ\varphi \varphi Ω\Omega \Omega
ϵ\epsilon \epsilon oo o θ\theta \theta ϖ\varpi \varpi Φ\Phi \Phi ℵ\aleph \aleph
η\eta \eta ω\omega \omega υ\upsilon \upsilon ϱ\varrho \varrho Π\Pi \Pi ℶ\beth \beth
γ\gamma \gamma ϕ\phi \phi ξ\xi \xi ς\varsigma \varsigma Ψ\Psi \Psi ℸ\daleth \daleth
ι\iota \iota π\pi \pi ζ\zeta \zeta ϑ\vartheta \vartheta Σ\Sigma \Sigma ℷ\gimel \gimel

其它字母

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
ı\imath \imath ∇\nabla \nabla ℑ\Im \Im R\Reals \Reals Œ\text{\OE} \text{\OE}
ȷ\jmath \jmath ∂\partial \partial ℑ\image \image ℘\wp \wp ø\text{\o} \text{\o}
ℵ\aleph \aleph ⅁\Game \Game k\Bbbk \Bbbk ℘\weierp \weierp Ø\text{\O} \text{\O}
ℵ\alef \alef Ⅎ\Finv \Finv N\N \N Z\Z \Z ß\text{\ss} \text{\ss}
ℵ\alefsym \alefsym C\cnums \cnums N\natnums \natnums a˚\text{\aa} \text{\aa} ı\text{\i} \text{\i}
ℶ\beth \beth C\Complex \Complex R\R \R A˚\text{\AA} \text{\AA} ȷ\text{\j} \text{\j}
ℷ\gimel \gimel ℓ\ell \ell ℜ\Re \Re æ\text{\ae} \text{\ae}
ℸ\daleth \daleth ℏ\hbar \hbar ℜ\real \real Æ\text{\AE} \text{\AE}
ð\eth \eth ℏ\hslash \hslash R\reals \reals œ\text{\oe} \text{\oe}

字母和 Unicode

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
A\Alpha \Alpha B\Beta \Beta Γ\Gamma \Gamma Δ\Delta \Delta
E\Epsilon \Epsilon Z\Zeta \Zeta H\Eta \Eta Θ\Theta \Theta
I\Iota \Iota K\Kappa \Kappa Λ\Lambda \Lambda M\Mu \Mu
N\Nu \Nu Ξ\Xi \Xi O\Omicron \Omicron Π\Pi \Pi
P\Rho \Rho Σ\Sigma \Sigma T\Tau \Tau Υ\Upsilon \Upsilon
Φ\Phi \Phi X\Chi \Chi Ψ\Psi \Psi Ω\Omega \Omega
Γ\varGamma \varGamma Δ\varDelta \varDelta Θ\varTheta \varTheta Λ\varLambda \varLambda
Ξ\varXi \varXi Π\varPi \varPi Σ\varSigma \varSigma Υ\varUpsilon \varUpsilon
Φ\varPhi \varPhi Ψ\varPsi \varPsi Ω\varOmega \varOmega
α\alpha \alpha β\beta \beta γ\gamma \gamma δ\delta \delta
ϵ\epsilon \epsilon ζ\zeta \zeta η\eta \eta θ\theta \theta
ι\iota \iota κ\kappa \kappa λ\lambda \lambda μ\mu \mu
ν\nu \nu ξ\xi \xi ο\omicron \omicron π\pi \pi
ρ\rho \rho σ\sigma \sigma τ\tau \tau υ\upsilon \upsilon
ϕ\phi \phi χ\chi \chi ψ\psi \psi ω\omega \omega
ε\varepsilon \varepsilon ϰ\varkappa \varkappa ϑ\vartheta \vartheta ϑ\thetasym \thetasym
ϖ\varpi \varpi ϱ\varrho \varrho ς\varsigma \varsigma φ\varphi \varphi
ϝ\digamma \digamma

注解

:- :- :- :- :-
5\cancel{5} \cancel{5} a+b+c⏞note\overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}} \overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}
5\bcancel{5} \bcancel{5} a+b+c⏟note\underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}} \underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}
ABC\xcancel{ABC} \xcancel{ABC} ≠\not = \not =
abc\sout{abc} \sout{abc} π=cd\boxed{\pi=\frac c d} \boxed{\pi=\frac c d}
$an\$a_{\angl n} MD语法冲突 $a_{\angl n} ana_\angln a_\angln
−78∘\phase{-78^\circ} \phase{-78^\circ}

\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}

x+y2x(hi)\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}

\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}

x+y2xhi\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}

垂直布局

:- :- :- :- :- :-
xnx_n x_n =!\stackrel{!}{=} \stackrel{!}{=} aba \atop b a \atop b
exe^x e^x =!\overset{!}{=} \overset{!}{=} abca\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}c a\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}c
uo_u^o _u^o =!\underset{!}{=} \underset{!}{=} a+(abc)a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right) a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right)
∑0<i<m0<j<n\sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}} \sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}}

重叠和间距

:- :- :- :-
=/ {=}\mathllap{/\,} {=}\mathllap{/,} (x2)\left(x^{\smash{2}}\right) \left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)
 /=\mathrlap{\,/}{=} \mathrlap{,/}{=} y\sqrt{\smash[b]{y}} \sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}

\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

∑1≤i≤j≤nxij\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

LaTeX\LaTeX math constructs

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
abcxyz\frac{abc}{xyz} \frac{abc}{xyz} abc‾\overline{abc} \overline{abc} abc→\overrightarrow{abc} \overrightarrow{abc}
f′f' f' abc‾\underline{abc} \underline{abc} abc←\overleftarrow{abc} \overleftarrow{abc}
abc\sqrt{abc} \sqrt{abc} abc^\widehat{abc} \widehat{abc} abc⏞\overbrace{abc} \overbrace{abc}
abcn\sqrt[n]{abc} \sqrt[n]{abc} abc~\widetilde{abc} \widetilde{abc} abc⏟\underbrace{abc} \underbrace{abc}

分隔符 Delimiters

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
()() () ()\lparen \rparen \lparen \rparen ⌈⌉⌈ ⌉ ⌈ ⌉ ⌈⌉\lceil \rceil \lceil \rceil ↑\uparrow \uparrow
[][] [] []\lbrack \rbrack \lbrack \rbrack ⌊⌋⌊ ⌋ ⌊ ⌋ ⌊⌋\lfloor \rfloor \lfloor \rfloor ↓\downarrow \downarrow
{}\{ \} {} {}\lbrace \rbrace \lbrace \rbrace ⎰⎱⎰⎱ ⎰⎱ ⎰⎱\lmoustache \rmoustache \lmoustache \rmoustache ↕\updownarrow \updownarrow
⟨⟩⟨ ⟩ ⟨⟩ ⟨⟩\langle \rangle \langle \rangle ⟮⟯⟮ ⟯ ⟮ ⟯ ⟮⟯\lgroup \rgroup \lgroup \rgroup ⇑\Uparrow \Uparrow
∣∣ | ∣\vert \vert ┌┐┌ ┐ ┌ ┐ ⌜⌝\ulcorner \urcorner \ulcorner \urcorner ⇓\Downarrow \Downarrow
∣| (MD语法冲突) \| ∥\Vert \Vert └┘└ ┘ └ ┘ ⌞⌟\llcorner \lrcorner \llcorner \lrcorner ⇕\Updownarrow \Updownarrow
∣∣∣ ∣ \lvert \rvert ∥∥\lVert \rVert \lVert \rVert \left. \right. \\backslash \backslash
⟨\lang ⟩\rang \lang \rang <>\lt \gt \lt \gt ⟦⟧⟦ ⟧ ⟦ ⟧ ⟦⟧\llbracket \rrbracket \llbracket \rrbracket ⦃⦄\lBrace \rBrace \lBrace \rBrace

可以使用一对表达式 \left s1s_1 和 \right s2s_2 来将分隔符 s1s_1 和 s2s_2 的高度与其内容的高度进行匹配，例如:

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
\left| exprexpr \right| \left\{ exprexpr \right\} \left\Vert exprexpr \right.

可变大小的符号

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
∑\sum \sum ∫\int \int ⨄\biguplus \biguplus ⨁\bigoplus \bigoplus ⋁\bigvee \bigvee
∏\prod \prod ∮\oint \oint ⋂\bigcap \bigcap ⨂\bigotimes \bigotimes ⋀\bigwedge \bigwedge
∐\coprod \coprod ∬\iint \iint ⋃\bigcup \bigcup ⨀\bigodot \bigodot ⨀\bigodot \bigodot

标准函数名称

预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法 预览 方法
arccos⁡\arccos \arccos arcsin⁡\arcsin \arcsin arcsin⁡\arcsin \arcsin arg⁡\arg \arg
cos⁡\cos \cos cosh⁡\cosh \cosh cot⁡\cot \cot coth⁡\coth \coth
csc⁡\csc \csc deg⁡\deg \deg det⁡\det \det dim⁡\dim \dim
exp⁡\exp \exp gcd⁡\gcd \gcd hom⁡\hom \hom inf⁡\inf \inf
ker⁡\ker \ker lg⁡\lg \lg lim⁡\lim \lim lim inf⁡\liminf \liminf
lim sup⁡\limsup \limsup ln⁡\ln \ln log⁡\log \log max⁡\max \max
min⁡\min \min Pr⁡\Pr \Pr sec⁡\sec \sec sin⁡\sin \sin
sinh⁡\sinh \sinh sup⁡\sup \sup tan⁡\tan \tan tanh⁡\tanh \tanh

函数名应该用罗马字体，而不是斜体，例如:

:- :- :- :-
Correct: \tan(at-n\pi) →\rightarrow tan⁡(at−nπ)\tan(at-n\pi)
Incorrect: tan(at-n\pi) →\rightarrow tan(at−nπ)tan(at-n\pi)

逻辑与集合论

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
∀\forall \forall ∁\complement \complement ∴\therefore \therefore ∅\emptyset \emptyset
∃\exists \exists ⊂\subset \subset ∵\because \because ∅\empty \empty
∃\exist \exist ⊃\supset \supset ↦\mapsto \mapsto ∅\varnothing \varnothing
∄\nexists \nexists ∣\mid \mid →\to \to   ⟹  \implies \implies
∈\in \in ∧\land \land ←\gets \gets   ⟸  \impliedby \impliedby
∈\isin \isin ∨\lor \lor ↔\leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow   ⟺  \iff \iff
∉\notin \notin ∋\ni \ni ∌\notni \notni ¬\neg ¬\lnot \neg 或 \lnot
:- :- :- :-
{ x  |  x<12 }\Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 } \Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 } { x∣x<5 }\set{x|x<5} \set{x|x<5}

宏指令

:- :- :- :-
x2+x2\def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo \def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo y2+y2\gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y} \gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y}

特殊符号

:- :- :- :- :- :-
⟨ϕ∣\bra{\phi} \bra{\phi} ∣ψ⟩\ket{\psi} \ket{\psi} ⟨ϕ∣ψ⟩\braket{\phi|\psi} \braket{\phi|\psi}
⟨ϕ∣\Bra{\phi} \Bra{\phi} ∣ψ⟩\Ket{\psi} \Ket{\psi} ⟨ϕ | ∂2∂t2 | ψ⟩\Braket{ ϕ | \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} | ψ } \Braket{ ϕ | \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} | ψ }

运算符

数学运算符

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
arcsin⁡\arcsin \arcsin cosec⁡\cosec \cosec deg⁡\deg \deg sec⁡\sec \sec
arccos⁡\arccos \arccos cosh⁡\cosh \cosh dim⁡\dim \dim sin⁡\sin \sin
arctan⁡\arctan \arctan cot⁡\cot \cot exp⁡\exp \exp sinh⁡\sinh \sinh
arctg⁡\arctg \arctg cotg⁡\cotg \cotg hom⁡\hom \hom sh⁡\sh \sh
arcctg⁡\arcctg \arcctg coth⁡\coth \coth ker⁡\ker \ker tan⁡\tan \tan
arg⁡\arg \arg csc⁡\csc \csc lg⁡\lg \lg tanh⁡\tanh \tanh
ch⁡\ch \ch ctg⁡\ctg \ctg ln⁡\ln \ln tg⁡\tg \tg
cos⁡\cos \cos cth⁡\cth \cth log⁡\log \log th⁡\th \th
f⁡\operatorname{f} \operatorname{f}
arg max⁡\argmax \argmax inj lim⁡\injlim \injlim min⁡\min \min lim→⁡\varinjlim \varinjlim
arg min⁡\argmin \argmin lim⁡\lim \lim plim⁡\plim \plim lim‾⁡\varliminf \varliminf
det⁡\det \det lim inf⁡\liminf \liminf Pr⁡\Pr \Pr lim‾⁡\varlimsup \varlimsup
gcd⁡\gcd \gcd lim sup⁡\limsup \limsup proj lim⁡\projlim \projlim lim←⁡\varprojlim \varprojlim
inf⁡\inf \inf max⁡\max \max sup⁡\sup \sup f⁡\operatorname*{f} \operatorname*{f}
f⁡\operatornamewithlimits{f} \operatornamewithlimits{f}

大运算符

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
∑\sum \sum ∏\prod \prod ⨂\bigotimes \bigotimes ⋁\bigvee \bigvee
∫\int \int ∐\coprod \coprod ⨁\bigoplus \bigoplus ⋀\bigwedge \bigwedge
∬\iint \iint ∫\intop \intop ⨀\bigodot \bigodot ⋂\bigcap \bigcap
∭\iiint \iiint ∫\smallint \smallint ⨄\biguplus \biguplus ⋃\bigcup \bigcup
∮\oint \oint ∯\oiint \oiint ∰\oiiint \oiiint ⨆\bigsqcup \bigsqcup

分数和二项式

:- :- :- :-
ab\frac{a}{b} \frac{a}{b} ab\tfrac{a}{b} \tfrac{a}{b}
ab{a \over b} {a \over b} ab\dfrac{a}{b} \dfrac{a}{b}
(aa+1]\genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1} \genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1} ab+1{a \above{2pt} b+1} {a \above{2pt} b+1}
a/ba/b a/b a1+1b\cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}} \cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}
:- :- :- :-
(nk)\binom{n}{k} \binom{n}{k} (nk)\dbinom{n}{k} \dbinom{n}{k}
{nk}{n\brace k} {n\brace k} (nk){n \choose k} {n \choose k}
(nk)\tbinom{n}{k} \tbinom{n}{k} [nk]{n\brack k} {n\brack k}

\sqrt

:- :- :- :-
x\sqrt{x} \sqrt{x} x3\sqrt[3]{x} \sqrt[3]{x}

二元运算符

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
++ + ⋅\cdot \cdot ⋗\gtrdot \gtrdot x(moda)x \pmod a x \pmod a
−- - ⋅\cdotp \cdotp ⊺\intercal \intercal x(a)x \pod a x \pod a
// / ⋅\centerdot \centerdot ∧\land \land ⊳\rhd \rhd
∗* * ∘\circ \circ ⋋\leftthreetimes \leftthreetimes ⋌\rightthreetimes \rightthreetimes
⨿\amalg \amalg ⊛\circledast \circledast .\ldotp \ldotp ⋊\rtimes \rtimes
&\And \And ⊚\circledcirc \circledcirc ∨\lor \lor ∖\setminus \setminus
∗\ast \ast ⊝\circleddash \circleddash ⋖\lessdot \lessdot ∖\smallsetminus \smallsetminus
⊼\barwedge \barwedge ⋓\Cup \Cup ⊲\lhd \lhd ⊓\sqcap \sqcap
◯\bigcirc \bigcirc ∪\cup \cup ⋉\ltimes \ltimes ⊔\sqcup \sqcup
 mod \bmod \bmod ⋎\curlyvee \curlyvee xmod  ax\mod a x\mod a ×\times \times
⊡\boxdot \boxdot ⋏\curlywedge \curlywedge ∓\mp \mp ⊴\unlhd \unlhd
⊟\boxminus \boxminus ÷\div \div ⊙\odot \odot ⊵\unrhd \unrhd
⊞\boxplus \boxplus ⋇\divideontimes \divideontimes ⊖\ominus \ominus ⊎\uplus \uplus
⊠\boxtimes \boxtimes ∔\dotplus \dotplus ⊕\oplus \oplus ∨\vee \vee
∙\bullet \bullet ⩞\doublebarwedge \doublebarwedge ⊗\otimes \otimes ⊻\veebar \veebar
⋒\Cap \Cap ⋒\doublecap \doublecap ⊘\oslash \oslash ∧\wedge \wedge
∩\cap \cap ⋓\doublecup \doublecup ±\pm \pm ±\plusmn \plusmn
≀\wr \wr`

关系

关系

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
== = ≑\doteqdot \doteqdot ⪅\lessapprox \lessapprox ⌣\smile \smile
<< < ≖\eqcirc \eqcirc ⋚\lesseqgtr \lesseqgtr ⊏\sqsubset \sqsubset
>> > ∹\eqcolon \eqcolon 或 \minuscolon ⪋\lesseqqgtr \lesseqqgtr ⊑\sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq
:: : −∷\Eqcolon \Eqcolon 或 \minuscoloncolon ≶\lessgtr \lessgtr ⊐\sqsupset \sqsupset
≈\approx \approx ≕\eqqcolon \eqqcolon 或 \equalscolon ≲\lesssim \lesssim ⊒\sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq
≈:\approxcolon \approxcolon =∷\Eqqcolon \Eqqcolon 或 \equalscoloncolon ≪\ll \ll ⋐\Subset \Subset
≈∷\approxcoloncolon \approxcoloncolon ≂\eqsim \eqsim ⋘\lll \lll ⊂\subset \subset 或 \sub
≊\approxeq \approxeq ⪖\eqslantgtr \eqslantgtr ⋘\llless \llless ⊆\subseteq \subseteq 或 \sube
≍\asymp \asymp ⪕\eqslantless \eqslantless <\lt \lt ⫅\subseteqq \subseteqq
∍\backepsilon \backepsilon ≡\equiv \equiv ∣\mid \mid ≻\succ \succ
∽\backsim \backsim ≒\fallingdotseq \fallingdotseq ⊨\models \models ⪸\succapprox \succapprox
⋍\backsimeq \backsimeq ⌢\frown \frown ⊸\multimap \multimap ≽\succcurlyeq \succcurlyeq
≬\between \between ≥\ge \ge ⊶\origof \origof ⪰\succeq \succeq
⋈\bowtie \bowtie ≥\geq \geq ∋\owns \owns ≿\succsim \succsim
≏\bumpeq \bumpeq ≧\geqq \geqq ∥\parallel \parallel ⋑\Supset \Supset
≎\Bumpeq \Bumpeq ⩾\geqslant \geqslant ⊥\perp \perp ⊃\supset \supset
≗\circeq \circeq ≫\gg \gg ⋔\pitchfork \pitchfork ⊇\supseteq \supseteq 或 \supe
:≈\colonapprox \colonapprox ⋙\ggg \ggg ≺\prec \prec ⫆\supseteqq \supseteqq
∷≈\Colonapprox \Colonapprox 或 \coloncolonapprox ⋙\gggtr \gggtr ⪷\precapprox \precapprox ≈\thickapprox \thickapprox
:−\coloneq \coloneq 或 \colonminus >\gt \gt ≼\preccurlyeq \preccurlyeq ∼\thicksim \thicksim
∷−\Coloneq \Coloneq 或 \coloncolonminus ⪆\gtrapprox \gtrapprox ⪯\preceq \preceq ⊴\trianglelefteq \trianglelefteq
≔\coloneqq \coloneqq 或 \colonequals ⋛\gtreqless \gtreqless ≾\precsim \precsim ≜\triangleq \triangleq
∷=\Coloneqq \Coloneqq 或 \coloncolonequals ⪌\gtreqqless \gtreqqless ∝\propto \propto ⊵\trianglerighteq \trianglerighteq
:∼\colonsim \colonsim ≷\gtrless \gtrless ≓\risingdotseq \risingdotseq ∝\varpropto \varpropto
∷∼\Colonsim \Colonsim 或 \coloncolonsim ≳\gtrsim \gtrsim ∣\shortmid \shortmid △\vartriangle \vartriangle
≅\cong \cong ⊷\imageof \imageof ∥\shortparallel \shortparallel ⊲\vartriangleleft \vartriangleleft
⋞\curlyeqprec \curlyeqprec ∈\in \in 或 \isin ∼\sim \sim ⊳\vartriangleright \vartriangleright
⋟\curlyeqsucc \curlyeqsucc ⋈\Join \Join ∼:\simcolon \simcolon :\vcentcolon \vcentcolon 或 \ratio
⊣\dashv \dashv ≤\le \le ∼∷\simcoloncolon \simcoloncolon ⊢\vdash \vdash
∷\dblcolon \dblcolon 或 \coloncolon ≤\leq \leq ≃\simeq \simeq ⊨\vDash \vDash
≐\doteq \doteq ≦\leqq \leqq ⌢\smallfrown \smallfrown ⊩\Vdash \Vdash
≑\Doteq \Doteq ⩽\leqslant \leqslant ⌣\smallsmile \smallsmile ⊪\Vvdash \Vvdash

否定关系

:- :- :- :- :- :- :- :-
⪊\gnapprox \gnapprox ≱\ngeqslant \ngeqslant ⊈\nsubseteq \nsubseteq ⪵\precneqq \precneqq
⪈\gneq \gneq ≯\ngtr \ngtr ⊈\nsubseteqq \nsubseteqq ⋨\precnsim \precnsim
≩\gneqq \gneqq ≰\nleq \nleq ⊁\nsucc \nsucc ⊊\subsetneq \subsetneq
⋧\gnsim \gnsim ≰\nleqq \nleqq ⋡\nsucceq \nsucceq ⫋\subsetneqq \subsetneqq
≩\gvertneqq \gvertneqq ≰\nleqslant \nleqslant ⊉\nsupseteq \nsupseteq ⪺\succnapprox \succnapprox
⪉\lnapprox \lnapprox ≮\nless \nless ⊉\nsupseteqq \nsupseteqq ⪶\succneqq \succneqq
⪇\lneq \lneq ∤\nmid \nmid ⋪\ntriangleleft \ntriangleleft ⋩\succnsim \succnsim
≨\lneqq \lneqq ∉\notin \notin ⋬\ntrianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq ⊋\supsetneq \supsetneq
⋦\lnsim \lnsim ∌\notni \notni ⋫\ntriangleright \ntriangleright ⫌\supsetneqq \supsetneqq
≨\lvertneqq \lvertneqq ∦\nparallel \nparallel ⋭\ntrianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq ⊊\varsubsetneq \varsubsetneq
≆\ncong \ncong ⊀\nprec \nprec ⊬\nvdash \nvdash ⫋\varsubsetneqq \varsubsetneqq
≠\ne \ne ⋠\npreceq \npreceq ⊭\nvDash \nvDash ⊋\varsupsetneq \varsupsetneq
≠\neq \neq ∤\nshortmid \nshortmid ⊯\nVDash \nVDash ⫌\varsupsetneqq \varsupsetneqq
≱\ngeq \ngeq ∦\nshortparallel \nshortparallel ⊮\nVdash \nVdash
≱\ngeqq \ngeqq ≁\nsim \nsim ⪹\precnapprox \precnapprox

≠\not = \not =

箭头

:- :- :- :- :- :-
↺\circlearrowleft \circlearrowleft ↼\leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup ⇒\rArr \rArr
↻\circlearrowright \circlearrowright ⇇\leftleftarrows \leftleftarrows →\rarr \rarr
↶\curvearrowleft \curvearrowleft ↔\leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow ↾\restriction \restriction
↷\curvearrowright \curvearrowright ⇔\Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow →\rightarrow \rightarrow
⇓\Darr \Darr ⇆\leftrightarrows \leftrightarrows ⇒\Rightarrow \Rightarrow
⇓\dArr \dArr ⇋\leftrightharpoons \leftrightharpoons ↣\rightarrowtail \rightarrowtail
↓\darr \darr ↭\leftrightsquigarrow \leftrightsquigarrow ⇁\rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown
⇠\dashleftarrow \dashleftarrow ⇚\Lleftarrow \Lleftarrow ⇀\rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
⇢\dashrightarrow \dashrightarrow ⟵\longleftarrow \longleftarrow ⇄\rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows
↓\downarrow \downarrow ⟸\Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow ⇌\rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons
⇓\Downarrow \Downarrow ⟷\longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow ⇉\rightrightarrows \rightrightarrows
⇊\downdownarrows \downdownarrows ⟺\Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow ⇝\rightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
⇃\downharpoonleft \downharpoonleft ⟼\longmapsto \longmapsto ⇛\Rrightarrow \Rrightarrow
⇂\downharpoonright \downharpoonright ⟶\longrightarrow \longrightarrow ↱\Rsh \Rsh
←\gets \gets ⟹\Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow ↘\searrow \searrow
⇔\Harr \Harr ↫\looparrowleft \looparrowleft ↙\swarrow \swarrow
⇔\hArr \hArr ↬\looparrowright \looparrowright →\to \to
↔\harr \harr ⇔\Lrarr \Lrarr ↞\twoheadleftarrow \twoheadleftarrow
↩\hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow ⇔\lrArr \lrArr ↠\twoheadrightarrow \twoheadrightarrow
↪\hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow ↔\lrarr \lrarr ⇑\Uarr \Uarr
  ⟺  \iff \iff ↰\Lsh \Lsh ⇑\uArr \uArr
  ⟸  \impliedby \impliedby ↦\mapsto \mapsto ↑\uarr \uarr
  ⟹  \implies \implies ↗\nearrow \nearrow ↑\uparrow \uparrow
⇐\Larr \Larr ↚\nleftarrow \nleftarrow ⇑\Uparrow \Uparrow
⇐\lArr \lArr ⇍\nLeftarrow \nLeftarrow ↕\updownarrow \updownarrow
←\larr \larr ↮\nleftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow ⇕\Updownarrow \Updownarrow
⇝\leadsto \leadsto ⇎\nLeftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow ↿\upharpoonleft \upharpoonleft
←\leftarrow \leftarrow ↛\nrightarrow \nrightarrow ↾\upharpoonright \upharpoonright
⇐\Leftarrow \Leftarrow ⇏\nRightarrow \nRightarrow ⇈\upuparrows \upuparrows
↢\leftarrowtail \leftarrowtail ↖\nwarrow \nwarrow
↽\leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown ⇒\Rarr \Rarr

可扩展箭头

:- :- :- :- :- :-
←abc\xleftarrow{abc} \xleftarrow{abc} →underover\xrightarrow[under]{over} \xrightarrow[under]{over}
⇐abc\xLeftarrow{abc} \xLeftarrow{abc} ⇒abc\xRightarrow{abc} \xRightarrow{abc}
↔abc\xleftrightarrow{abc} \xleftrightarrow{abc} ⇔abc\xLeftrightarrow{abc} \xLeftrightarrow{abc}
↩abc\xhookleftarrow{abc} \xhookleftarrow{abc} ↪abc\xhookrightarrow{abc} \xhookrightarrow{abc}
↞abc\xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} \xtwoheadleftarrow{abc} ↠abc\xtwoheadrightarrow{abc} \xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}
↼abc\xleftharpoonup{abc} \xleftharpoonup{abc} ⇀abc\xrightharpoonup{abc} \xrightharpoonup{abc}
↽abc\xleftharpoondown{abc} \xleftharpoondown{abc} ⇁abc\xrightharpoondown{abc} \xrightharpoondown{abc}
⇋abc\xleftrightharpoons{abc} \xleftrightharpoons{abc} ⇌abc\xrightleftharpoons{abc} \xrightleftharpoons{abc}
⇄abc\xtofrom{abc} \xtofrom{abc} ↦abc\xmapsto{abc} \xmapsto{abc}
=abc\xlongequal{abc} \xlongequal{abc}

符号和标点符号

符号和标点符号

:- :- :- :- :- :-
% comment % comment …\dots \dots KaTeX\KaTeX \KaTeX
%\% \% ⋯\cdots \cdots LaTeX\LaTeX \LaTeX
#\# \# ⋱\ddots \ddots TeX\TeX \TeX
&\& \& …\ldots \ldots ∇\nabla \nabla
_\_ \_ ⋮\vdots \vdots ∞\infty \infty
_\text{\textunderscore} \text{\textunderscore} ⋯\dotsb \dotsb ∞\infin \infin
–\text{--} \text{--} …\dotsc \dotsc ✓\checkmark \checkmark
–\text{\textendash} \text{\textendash}  ⁣⋯\dotsi \dotsi †\dag \dag
—\text{---} \text{---} ⋯\dotsm \dotsm †\dagger \dagger
—\text{\textemdash} \text{\textemdash} …\dotso \dotso †\text{\textdagger} \text{\textdagger}
~\text{\textasciitilde} \text{\textasciitilde} ⋅\sdot \sdot ‡\ddag \ddag
^\text{\textasciicircum} \text{\textasciicircum} …\mathellipsis \mathellipsis ‡\ddagger \ddagger
‘` ` …\text{\textellipsis} \text{\textellipsis} ‡\text{\textdaggerdbl} \text{\textdaggerdbl}
‘\text{\textquoteleft} text{\textquoteleft} □\Box \Box ‡\Dagger \Dagger
‘\lq \lq □\square \square ∠\angle \angle
’\text{\textquoteright} \text{\textquoteright} ■\blacksquare \blacksquare ∡\measuredangle \measuredangle
′\rq \rq △\triangle \triangle ∢\sphericalangle \sphericalangle
“\text{\textquotedblleft} \text{\textquotedblleft} ▽\triangledown \triangledown ⊤\top \top
"" " ◃\triangleleft \triangleleft ⊥\bot \bot
”\text{\textquotedblright} \text{\textquotedblright} ▹\triangleright \triangleright $\$ \$
 ⁣:\colon \colon ▽\bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown $\text{\textdollar} \text{\textdollar}
‵\backprime \backprime △\bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup £\pounds \pounds
′\prime \prime ▲\blacktriangle \blacktriangle £\mathsterling \mathsterling
<\text{\textless} \text{\textless} ▼\blacktriangledown \blacktriangledown £\text{\textsterling} \text{\textsterling}
>\text{\textgreater} \text{\textgreater} ◀\blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleleft ¥\yen \yen
|\text{\textbar} \text{\textbar} ▶\blacktriangleright \blacktriangleright √\surd \surd
∥\text{\textbardbl} \text{\textbardbl} ⋄\diamond \diamond °\degree \degree
{\text{\textbraceleft} \text{\textbraceleft} ◊\Diamond \Diamond °\text{\textdegree} \text{\textdegree}
}\text{\textbraceright} \text{\textbraceright} ◊\lozenge \lozenge ℧\mho \mho
\\text{\textbackslash} \text{\textbackslash} ⧫\blacklozenge \blacklozenge ╲\diagdown \diagdown
\text{\P} \text{\P} 或 \P ⋆\star \star ╱\diagup \diagup
§\text{\S} \text{\S} 或 \S ★\bigstar \bigstar ♭\flat \flat
§\text{\sect} \text{\sect} ♣\clubsuit \clubsuit ♮\natural \natural
©\copyright \copyright ♣\clubs \clubs ♯\sharp \sharp
®\circledR \circledR ♢\diamondsuit \diamondsuit ♡\heartsuit \heartsuit
®\text{\textregistered} \text{\textregistered} ♢\diamonds \diamonds ♡\hearts \hearts
Ⓢ\circledS \circledS ♠\spadesuit \spadesuit ♠\spades \spades
a◯\text{\textcircled a} \text{\textcircled a} ✠\maltese \maltese ⦵\minuso \minuso

Environments

Environments 1

abcd\begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{matrix}

\begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{matrix}

Environments 2

abcd\begin{array}{cc}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{array}

\begin{array}{cc}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{array}

Environments 3

(abcd)\begin{pmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{pmatrix}

\begin{pmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{pmatrix}

Environments 4

[abcd]\begin{bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{bmatrix}

\begin{bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{bmatrix}

Environments 5

∣abcd∣\begin{vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{vmatrix}

\begin{vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{vmatrix}

Environments 6

∥abcd∥\begin{Vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Vmatrix}

\begin{Vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Vmatrix}

Environments 7

{abcd}\begin{Bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Bmatrix}

\begin{Bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Bmatrix}

Environments 8

abcdefghi\def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
   g & h & i
\end{array}

\def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
   g & h & i
\end{array}

Environments 9

x={aif bcif dx = \begin{cases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{cases}

x = \begin{cases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{cases}

Environments 10

aif bcif d}⇒…\begin{rcases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{rcases}⇒…

\begin{rcases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{rcases}⇒…

Environments 11

abcd\begin{smallmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{smallmatrix}

\begin{smallmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{smallmatrix}

Environments 12

∑i∈Λ0<j<n\sum_{
\begin{subarray}{l}
   i\in\Lambda\\
   0<j<n
\end{subarray}}

\sum_{
\begin{subarray}{l}
   i\in\Lambda\\
   0<j<n
\end{subarray}}

Environments 13

a=b+c=e+f\begin{equation}
\begin{split}  a &=b+c\\
      &=e+f
\end{split}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}  a &=b+c\\
      &=e+f
\end{split}
\end{equation}

Environments 14

a=b+cd+e=f\begin{align}
   a&=b+c \\
   d+e&=f
\end{align}

\begin{align}
   a&=b+c \\
   d+e&=f
\end{align}

Environments 15

a=be=b+c\begin{gather}
   a=b \\
   e=b+c
\end{gather}

\begin{gather}
   a=b \\
   e=b+c
\end{gather}

Environments 16

10x+3y=23x+13y=4\begin{alignat}{2}
   10&x+&3&y=2\\
   3&x+&13&y=4
\end{alignat}

\begin{alignat}{2}
   10&x+&3&y=2\\
   3&x+&13&y=4
\end{alignat}

Environments 17

A→aBb↓↑cC=D\begin{CD}
   A @>a>> B \\
@VbVV @AAcA \\
   C @= D
\end{CD}

\begin{CD}
   A @>a>> B \\
@VbVV @AAcA \\
   C @= D
\end{CD}

样式、颜色、大小和字体

Color 颜色

:- :-
F=ma\color{blue} F=ma \color{blue} F=ma
F=ma\textcolor{blue}{F=ma} \textcolor{blue}{F=ma}
F=ma\textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma} \textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}
F=ma\colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$} \colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$}
F=ma\fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$} \fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$}

Font 字体

:- :- :- :- :- :-
AB\Huge AB \Huge AB AB\normalsize AB \normalsize AB AB\normalsize AB \normalsize AB
AB\huge AB \huge AB AB\huge AB \huge AB AB\small AB \small AB
AB\LARGE AB \LARGE AB AB\LARGE AB \LARGE AB AB\footnotesize AB \footnotesize AB
AB\Large AB \Large AB AB\Large AB \Large AB AB\scriptsize AB \scriptsize AB
AB\large AB \large AB AB\large AB \large AB AB\tiny AB \tiny AB

Style 样式

:- :- :- :-
∑i=1n\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n ∑i=1n\textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n \textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n
x\scriptstyle x \scriptstyle x x\scriptscriptstyle x \scriptscriptstyle x
lim⁡x\lim\limits_x \lim\limits_x lim⁡x\lim\nolimits_x \lim\nolimits_x
x^2\verb!x^2! \verb!x^2!
说明

本备忘单总结了LaTeX常用显示数学符号的参考列表和一些KaTeX的应用示例。入门，为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。

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